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sovereign debt

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Leptokurtic Twenty Centuries of Financial Data: What 240 Countries and 2,000 Years Reveal We assembled forex-centuries, an open dataset of exchange rates, gold, silver, interest rates, commodity prices, GDP, sovereign debt, and more, across 27 sources spanning 1 CE to 2026 and covering 240 countries. Fat tails are universal. Pegged currencies are the most dangerous. Every currency loses against gold. Feb 12, 2026 · 24 min